Ments



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No M01181.) 8 1 I TUBE MAKING MAG I N0. 808,811. Patented May 10,1898.

Witnesses. Inventor.

Attorney.

W)/JZZW (No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

J. A. CHARNOOK. TUBE-MAKING MAGHINE.

No. 603,811. Patent'ed'May 10,1898.

Witnesses. Inventor.

Attorney.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. OHARNOGK, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS,TO THE SHELBY STEEL TUBE COMPANY, OF PITTSBURG, PENN- SYLVANIA.

'TUBE-MAK ING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,811, dated. May 10,1898.-

Application filed April 5, 1897- To alZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. CHARNOOK, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at Cleveland, county of Ouyahoga, and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanism forMaking Tubesfrom Metallic Ingots or Blanks in a Heated State, of whichthe following is a specification, that will enable those skilled in theart to which my invention pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in mechanism for making tubes frommetallic ingots or billets. Its objects are to pierce metallic ingots orblanks in aheated state and to roll or draw them out into tubular formwithout subjecting them to torsional strain or materially disturbing thelongitudinal arrangement of the fibers of the metal; and the mechanismfor accomplishing these objects consists of apair of speciallyconstructed and arranged rolls working in conj unction with a mandrellocated in the pass between the rolls, by means of which the heatedblank or billet may be pierced and drawn at one operation. In thisoperation a blank or billet is passed between the adjacent faces of thetwo rolls, which impart to it a rotary motion and at the same time alongitudinal motion, which forces it against and over the conicalpiercing-mandrel lying in the path of the axis of the blank, thearrangement of the working surfaces of the rolls being such that apractically uniform speed of rotation is imparted to each and everyportion of the blank or billet lying between and being acted upon bythem, thus producing a drawing action upon the blank that does notmaterially alter the longitudinal arrangement of the fibers in the blankor in the final product thereof during any changes wrought in itsdiameter or form.

The accompanying drawings show approximately the, shapes and relativepositions of the rolls and the piercing-mandrel of the mechanism which Iemploy in the practice of my invention, no attempt, however, being madeto represent the framework or housings which support the rolls andmandrel or the gearing for imparting motion to the several parts, or, infact, other portions of a fully- $eria1 No- 630,'732- (No model.)

organized machine, such general features forming no part of theinvention herein claimed and their construction and application beingwell understood by those familiar with the art.to which my inventionpertains. I do not mean, however, to confine myself to the exactproportions and shapes shown, .as these may be varied to aconsiderableextent to suit different conditions and the relative positions of theparts changed within certain limits without departing from the spirit ofmy invention as set forth in the claims at the end of thisspecification.

Figure l is a plan View, partly in section, of a pair of my rolls with apiercing-mandrel, the point of which lies between the working surfacesof the rolls at the exit side of the pass, and a blank or billet engagedby the rolls and undergoing the process of being pierced by the mandrel.Fig. 2 is a side ele-' vation of the same, showing the axial inclinationof the rolls, relatively to the axis of the pass, necessary to impartendwise motion to the billet. Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modification ofmy rolls, showing them extended so as to act upon that portion of thebillet which is being opened and enlarged by the conical part of themandrel lying between them. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the same. Fig.5 shows a modification in which one of the working surfaces is arrangedon the flat side of one of the rolls instead of on the pe-- ripherythereof. the same. I

In the practice of my invention rolls A and B, revolving in the samedirection, are so shaped and located relatively to each other as to formbetween their adjacent peripheral surfaces a pass through which a heatedbillet or blank 0 is drawn and thence forced upon the point of a mandrelD, which pierces its center and converts it from a solid into, a tubularform. It will be observed that these rolls are tapering in shape, eachbeing in the form of a frustum of a cone, the roller A having itssmallest'diameter at the entrance side of the pass and its largestdiameter at the exit side of the pass, while the roller B has itslargest diameter at the entrance side of the pass and its smallestdiameter at the exit Fig. 6 is a side elevation of side of the pass. Bythis disposition of the parts the larger diameter of the roll 13 isopposed to the smaller diameter of the roll A at one end of the pass,while at the other end of the pass the smaller diameter of the roll B isopposed to the larger diameter of the roll A. As a result of thisthespeed of rotation imparted to the billet C by the rolls at all pointsthrough the pass is equal to the mean speed of rotation of the two rollsat the line 00 at, where their diameters are equal. At all other pointsin the pass at either side of the line 00 00 the greater speed of thelarger diameter of one roll is neutralized by the lesser speed of thesmaller diameter of the roll opposed to it. The speed of rotationtherefore imparted by the rolls to all parts of the billet lying in thepass and gripped by them is uniform. Consequently no twist or materialal teration of the longitudinal arrangement of the fibers of the billetis produced.

As shown in Fig. 2, the axes of the rolls are set at such angles as willproduce a forward feed of the billet, as well as its rotation by therolls, in a manner well understood to those familiar with the art. Therolls are also so disposed that the sides of the pass gradually convergeas they approach the exit end, so that the pass is narrower at thatpoint than at the entrance end. This insures a constant and continuinggrip of the rolls on the billet thatcauses it to move endwise withconsiderable force while it is being rotated. The point of the mandrel Dis suitably located at or near the exit side of the pass and directly inthe axial line ofv the path of the billet, so that as the latter isrotated and fed endwise by the revolving rolls it encounters this pointof the mandrel, and being pierced thereby slips up over the head of themandrel and passes off in tubular form. i

In Figs. 1 and 2 the rolls are shown with converging surfaces togradually diminish the width of the pass toward its exit end to rotateand feed forward the billet against the point of the mandrel, which liesmainly out.- side of the space between the rolls. As aresult of this thebillet is forced upon and simply pierced by the mandrel, and no attemptis made to smooth or finish the tubular product either during or afterthe piercing operation. In Figs. 3 and 4, however, the rolls are shownwith prolongations a b on the exit side of the pass, which prolongationsextend to or slightly beyond the head of the piercingmandrel and are soshaped relatively to the head that they continue to act upon the billetas it is being pierced by said head, compacting the metal and finishingit both on its inner and outer sides, so that the tubular product leavesthe head of the mandrel in a smooth and finished condition.

In Fig. 5 a disk-shaped roll is used in connection with another smallerroll. The mandrel is located in the pass between the rolls, and thearrangement is such as to produce substantially the same effect as therolls herein described. g

In the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the axes of the two rolls arearranged nearly at right angles to each other, and the surfaces of therolls are so shaped and relatively located as to produce between them apass gradually diminishing in width from its entrance en d to the pointwhere it is intercepted by the piercing-mandrel, from which point itslightly increases in width at each side of the mandrel, so as to workupon and finish the tubular product in the same manner as the rollsshown in Figs. 3 and 4. The axis of the pass may be slightly above orbelow the plane of the axis of the disk-shaped roll, and the axis of theroll E may be inclined relatively thereto, as shown'in Fig. 6, for thepurpose of producing the endwise feed of the billet.

The rolls revolve in directions shown by the arrows and impart to thebillet gripped between them a rotary as well as an endwise movement. 1

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is.v

1. A pair of rolls consisting of frustums of cones, arranged on oppositesides of a pass and revolving in the same direction, the larger diameterof each roll being opposed to the smaller diameter of the other rollsubstantially as set forth.

2. A pair of rolls consisting of frustums of cones arranged-on oppositesides of a pass and revolving in the same direction, the larger diameterof each roll being opposed to the smaller diameter of the other roll,the rolls being so located that the passbetween their opposed facesgradually diminishes in width towardits exit side as set forth.

3. A pair of rolls consisting of frustums of cones arranged onzoppositesides of a pass and revolving in the same direction, the larger diameterof each roll being opposed to the smaller diameter of the other roll,the axes of therolls'being oppositely inclined relatively. to the axis.of the pass substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I 4. A pairof rolls consisting of frustums of cones arranged on opposite sides of apass and revolving in the same direction, the larger diameterof eachroll being opposed to the smaller diameter of the other roll, the passbetween the rolls gradually diminishing in width toward its exit end andthe axes of the rolls being oppositely inclined relatively to the axisof the pass substantiallyv as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of a pair of rolls consisting of frustums of conesarranged on opposite sides of a pass and revolving in the samedirection, the larger. diameter of each roll being opposed to thesmaller diameter of the otherroll, the axes of the rolls beingoppositely inclined relatively to the axis of the pass and the passgradually diminishing in width toward its exit side, a conicalpiercingmandrel located in the axial line of the pass with its point ator near the exit side thereof, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a pair of rolls consisting of double frustums ofcones arranged on opposite sides of a pass and revolving in the samedirection, the entrance side of the pass being gradually diminishedinwidth and bounded by sections of the rolls in which the larger diameterof each is opposed to the smaller diameter of the other, the exit sideof the pass being graduallyincreasedin width and bounded byprolongations of the rolls consisting of frustums of cones, a conicalpiercing-mandrellocated in the exit side of the pass and in axial linetherewith with its point at or near the narrowest part of the in thepresence of two Witnesses, at Cleveland, 0

Ohio, March 23, 1897.

JOHN A. CHARNOOK.

Witnesses:

J OSEPH KENDRIOK, WM A. SKINKLE.

